Izibalo zabantu abangasebenzi kuzwelonke zinciphezisuka ku 32.9% zaya ku 32.6% ngekota yesibili ka 2023. Amazinga abantu abangasebenzi kule kota aphansi kunawo wonke eminyakeni emibili. Lokhu kukhomba ukuthi kunemizamo ebonakalayo yokuvuselela izimakethe zemisebenzi, kugxilwekakhulu ezimbonini ezifana neyokwakha, ezohwebo, nemisebenzi yomphakathi. Lemikhakha ikhombise ukwenza kangcono emazingeni okudala amathuba emisebenzi. Nakuba lokhu kwehla kwabantu abangasebenzi sikushayela ihlombe, abantuabasebenzayo bande ngo-154 000 beya ku-16,346 million, okusengaphansi kwezibalo zangaphambi kokuhlasela kweCOVID ezazimi ku-16,383 million.
EThekwini, ukuhluma komnotho kushaya ngolonwabu njengoba kwengezeke imisebenzi ewu-10,800 emisha ngeKota 2 ka 2023. Nakubakunjalo, izindleko zokuphila eziphezulu nokuba madolonzima kwamabhizinisi kusalokhu kuwumthwalo ekutheni umnotho wedolobha ukwazi ukudala amathuba emisebenzi. Ngokusho kweStatsSA 2023 Q2 Labour Force Survey, izibalo zabeswele imisebenzi zenyuke zisuka ku-19.4% zaya ku-20.7%. Lokhu kudalwe wukuthiokungenani kunabantu abawu-27,600 abamatasa nokubheka umsebenzi.
Phakathi kuka-Ephreli noJuni 2023, iStatsSA ibike ukuthi kunokwehla kwesibalo sabantu asebedikibele ukufuna umsebenzi eThekwini.Ukwehla ngo-26,800 ngekota nango-67,000 unyaka nonyaka kwabantu asebedikibele ukufuna kukhomba izinguquko ezinhle njengoba kukhombisa ukuthi ababheka umsebenzi babuyelwe wukuzethemba. Nokho-ke, iningi kulabo asebedikibele ukufuna umsebenzi ngekota efanayo yangonyaka odlule lalandiswe wukuthi amabhizinisi amaningi ayevalile ngenxa yezikhukhula zango-Ephreli. Lokhu kukhomba ukuthi ukwehla kwezibalo zasebedikibele ukufuna umsebenzi konyaka nonyaka kungenzeka ukuthi kudalwa wukwelulama ngemuva kwezikhukhula. Nakuba kunjalo, isibalosasebedikibele ukufuna umsebenzi besilokhu sehla njalo kulawa makota amathathuedlule, okukhombisa uphawu olwethembisayo.
Umdwebo ongezansi ukhombisa ukuthi bekuhamba kanjaniukuqashwa kwabantu kusukela ngekota yokuqala ka 2020, ngemuva kweCOVID-19. Umakuqhathaniswa ukuqashwa kwabantu kwangaphambi kweCOVID nekota yesibili ka 2023,amazinga okuqashwa kwabantu kuzwelonke ehle ngo-0,2%, kanti ukuqashwa kwabantu eThekwini kukhombise ukuba nozinzo nokukhula okungatheni kuka-3,2%. Umakubhekisiswa ikota nekota, iKZN ingeyesithathu kwabahamba phambili ngezibalo zokwanda kokuqashwa kwabantu, kanti iTheku liqashe abanye abantu abawu-10,800. Lezi zinkomba ezinhle ziveza ubungcono obudalwe yizinhlelo namasu ehlukene idolobha eliziqalile ezibe neqhaza elikhulu ekudalweni kwamathuba emisebenzi nokuthuthukisa umnotho, okwenza kube nesithombe esihle ngamathuba emisebenzi edolobheni.
Umthombo: StatsSAQuarterly Labour Force Survey, 2023Q2
Ukuqashwa kwabantu eThekwini kulindele ukuba kukhule ngo 2023 ngenxa yezizathu ezehlukene. Kulo nyaka wezimali odlule, izinhlelo ezifana neKZN CTC, okuwuhlelo oluqeqeshe abasebenzi abangaphezu kuka 80 futhilwavula izinkontileka zenani elingaphezu kuka-R3.4 million, okuholeleekudalekeni kwamathuba emisebenzi awu-811. Uhlelo lweS’thesha Waya Waya nalooluhlose ukubhekana nokusweleka kwemisebenzi, ububha nokungalingani seludale imisebenzi engaphezu kuka-6,000 eqashe abantu abasha eKZN, okubalwa nalabo abangaphansi kweVukayibambe Routine Road Maintenance Programme, okuwuhleloolufundisa intsha ngokulungisa imigwaqo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umcimbi we Hollywoodbets Durban July ngo 2023 udale amathuba emisebenzi awu-1,500 kuyona yonke imikhakha.Amaphrojekthi entuthuko njengohlelo lokuvuselelwa kwezindawo ezisebhishilukaMasipala weTheku, oluyingxenye ye Proactive Land Release Strategy, kulindelekeukuba adale amathuba emisebenzi ngo 2023. I-Bike & Bean, exhaswe ngotshalomaliluka-R300,000, kulindeleke ukuthi idale amathuba emisebenzi ewu-15 umaisilungisiwe. I-Circus Circus nayo iyalungiswa kanti kulindeleke ukuthi kubenezikhala zomsebenzi eziwu-45 kuphinde kugcinwe nabasebenzi abavele bakhona.Ukuguqulwa kweMinitown, ngotshalomali luka-R170 million eminyakeni ewu-30,kulindeleke ukuthi kudale izikhala zomsebenzi eziwu-150.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, utshalomali lwe Giba Business Estateluka-R1.9 billion kubhekwe ukuthi ludale amathuba emisebenzi ebalelwa ku-5,000kulo nyaka, okuzofukula amathuba okuqashwa kwabantu eThekwini kuphinde kwandise isizinda sentela kamasipala ngo-R60 million eminyakeni emithathu.
Ngekota yesibili ka 2023, kube nokugqama kwegebe elikhulu ngokobulili, njengoba abesifazane abaqashiwe bengaphansi ngo-2 millioneNingizimu Afrika uma kuqhathaniswa nabesilisa. Lokhu kuveze ukungalingani okukhulu okudalwa yindlela esenza ngayo izinto nokushoda kwamathuba. Izingalokweswela imisebenzi kwabesifazane likhule ngo 8.2% ngeKota 2 ka 2023 layaku-35.7%. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amazinga okusweleka kwemisebenzi esewonkekuleli akhule ngo 7.3%. Lokhu kukhomba izinselelo ezisekhona ezibhekene nabesifazane ekutheni bathole futhi bagcine imisebenzi eNingizimu Afrika. Iqhaza elibanjwe ngabesifazane ezimakethe zemisebenzi eNingizimu Afrikalingu-54,3% okubandakanya abesifazane abasebenzayo noma abathungatha umsebenzi.Nokho lezi zibalo zingaphansi kwesilinganiso sikazwelonke sika-59,6% okukhomba ukuthi kukhona izihibe ezikhona mayelana nokutholakala kwemfundo kanjalonamajoka aphathelene nokunakekela umndeni.
Le nkinga ithinta izinhlaka ezahlukene zabantuabanhlobonhlobo futhi iyabonakala noma kukhulunywa ngokwesweleka kwemisebenzi jikelele. Okuqaphelekayo, abesifazane abangama-Afrika yibona abathinteka kakhulu ekwesweleni imisebenzi njengoba benezibalo zika-39,8% okugcizelelaisidingo sokuthi kube nezixazululo ezibanzi zokubhekana nemithelela okungabangeyaphambilini, eyezomnotho noma eyesimo senhlalo. Ukwanda kwabesifazane emikhakheni yemisebenzi ethile njengokusebenza emizini yabantu (ukubayisisebenzi sasendlini) nemisebenzi ethinta ukunakekelwa komphakathi,kukhombisa ukungalingani emathubeni emisebenzi, okuba nomthelela ekungalinganini kwamaholo nokukhula emsebenzini. Ukungalingani okubonakalayongokobulili emisebenzini yezokuphatha, lapho abesilisa bengaphezukwabesifazane, kukhombisa isidingo sokuba kuqedwe imigoqo evimbela ukukhula kwabesifazane ezikhundleni zokuhola. Lesi sithombe ngokungalingani ngokobulilisigcizelela ukubaluleka kokusheshiswa kwezinhlelo ezibanzi nezinyatheloeziwujuqu zokulungisa lokhu kungalingani.
Amazinga okwesweleka kwemisebenzi kuzwelonke ehlile,okufakazela imizamo eyenziwayo yokwelulama. Nakuba kube nokwanda kwabathola imisebenzi, kusangaphansi kwamazinga angaphambi kweCovid-19. Ukwelulamakomnotho eThekwini kuyaqhubeka nokubhekana nezinselelo ngenxa yokukhulakwezindleko zokuphila nokushoda kwamathuba emisebenzi kanti bekukuncane ukukhula kwamathuba emisebenzi kule kota. IDolobha libe nokwanda okungathenikwabaswele imisebenzi, okudalwe ukwanda kwabantu abafuna umsebenzi, kanti abafuna umsebenzi asebedikibele bona behlile, Imicimbi efana neHollywoodbets Durban July yengeze imisebenzi ewu-1,500. Ngakolunye uhlangothi kunezinyeizinhlelo zeDolobha notshalomali oluzimele eziholele ekudalekeni kwamathubaamasha emisebenzi.
Nakuba kunjalo, kusenegebe elilokhu elikhona lezobulili ekutheni abesifazane bathole imisebenzi nokungalingani kwamaholo nokukhula emsebenzini. Abesifazane basabhekene nengqinamba enkulu ekutholeni umsebenzinasekuqaleni amabhizinisi amasha.
Ukubhekana nalokhu kungalinganikudinga izixazululo ezinembayo, kubhekwe umthelela waphambilini, wezomnothonowesimo senhlalo. Ukubhekana nalokhu kungalingani emsebenzini nokungamelelekingokulinganayo kwezokuphatha kubalulekile ukuze kufezekiswe ukulingana kobuliliezimakethe zemisebenzi, okwenza kube nesidingo samasu ahlelekile nezindlelaezisukumela phezulu.
